Lisa Cook, appointed by President Biden and the first Black woman to serve on the Federal Reserve Board, has become the first sitting governor in modern history to be removed by a president.

Trump Invokes Rare Removal Statute

President Donald Trump invoked a seldom-used statute permitting removal “for cause,” citing allegations of mortgage fraud as grounds for Cook’s dismissal in an August 25 letter.

According to the letter, Cook allegedly claimed two different properties as her primary residence in order to secure favorable mortgage terms—a case referred to federal authorities by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). The controversy had intensified calls from Trump and his allies for her resignation.

Cook Denies Wrongdoing

Cook has denied the allegations and pledged to cooperate with any financial review. Federal Reserve officials publicly defended her, emphasizing the importance of factual clarity before reaching conclusions.

Trump’s letter stated:
“You signed a document attesting that a property in Michigan would be your primary residence for the next year. Two weeks later, you signed another document for a property in Georgia stating that it would be your primary residence for the next year. It is inconceivable that you were not aware of your first commitment when you made the second. The Federal Reserve requires complete public confidence in the honesty of its members.”

Implications for Fed Policy

Cook, who had advocated for a potential interest rate cut at the Fed’s September meeting, now faces an unprecedented removal that is likely to trigger legal challenges. Her dismissal raises fresh concerns about the independence of the Federal Reserve and the stability of its policymaking process.

Political Backlash and Legal Outlook

Representative Jerry Nadler criticized the move, calling it “clearly illegal” and asserting that the Federal Reserve Act limits removal to cases of serious misconduct. He added that Trump’s actions risk undermining financial stability and should be challenged in court.